Digital Accessibility in Higher Education: An Andragogic Reconceptualization based on Universal Design for Learning
Digital Accessibility in Higher Education: An Andragogic Reconceptualization based on Universal Design for Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63122/n7xp2333Keywords:
Digital accessibility, Andragogy, Universal Digital for learning (UDL)Abstract
The expansion of online higher education has increased Access to university; however, digital accessibility remains an implementation challenge, frequently addressed through a technical-regulatory approach that proves insufficient to transform teaching practice in contexts of supercomplexity. This essay aims to reconceptualize digital accessibility in higher education, shifting it from legal compliance toward a pedagogical and systemic understanding grounded in Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and articulated through an andragogical perspective.
Through a critical analysis of recent literature and international education policy frameworks, it is argued that faculty resistance to accessible practices does not stem solely from technological limitations but from high cognitive load and a limited perception of the pedagogical value of inclusive frameworks when framed as administrative requirements. The essay contends that, in the post-digital era, accessibility must be integrated as a teaching design decision that anticipates learner variability and supports adult learners’ autonomy.
The article concludes that sustaining inclusive online higher education requires moving beyond technical standards (WCAG) and promoting technopedagogical support strategies aligned with UNESCO, indicators, linking faculty self-efficacy with UDL principles. Finally, an orientative accessible teaching design tool is proposed as a reflective device to support the transition toward inclusive technopedagogical design models.
Downloads
References
Barnett, R. (2000). Realizing the University in an age of supercomplexity. Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press. ISBN: 0-335-20249-7
Bo, N. S. W. (2025). OECD digital education outlook 2023: Towards an effective education ecosystem. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 15(2), 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1556/063.2024.00340
Bong, W. K., y Chen, W. (2021). Increasing faculty’s competence in digital accessibility for inclusive education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 28(2), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2021.1937344
Burgstahler, S. E. (2018). Inclusive online science education: What teachers need to know. In C. M. Wehlburg & S. Chadwick-Blossey (Eds.), Towards inclusion of all learners through science teacher education (pp. 115–123). Brill | Sense.
Cabero-Almenara, J., & Llorente-Cejudo, C. (2020). Covid-19: transformación radical de la digitalización en las instituciones universitarias. Campus virtuales, 9(2), 25-34. http://www.uajournals.com/ojs/index.php/campusvirtuales/article/view/713/410
Cabero-Almenara, J., & Valencia-Ortiz, R. (2019). TIC para la inclusión: una mirada desde Latinoamérica. Aula abierta, 48(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.17811/rifie.48.2.2019.139-146
CAST (2024). CAST Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 3.0. Retrieved from https://udlguidelines.cast.org
Choi, G. W., y Seo, J. (2024). Accessibility, usability, and universal design for learning: Discussion of three key LX/UX elements for inclusive learning design. TechTrends, 68(5), 936-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-024-00987-6
Coalición Latinoamericana para la Excelencia Docente. 2022. Compendio competencias digitales docentes. Coalición Latinoamericana para la Excelencia Docente. https://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Compendio-Competencias-Digitales-Docentes.pdf
Della Nina Gambi, G., Forero Pabón, T., Soto Sira, V. G., Keuylian, M. L., & Ruiz García, M. J. (2025). Competencias digitales de docentes en América Latina. Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013638
De Sá Mascarenhas, R., y Eliseo, M. A. (2024). La accesibilidad en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje: estrategias para la inclusión en la educación a distancia. Revista de la Asociación Interacción Persona Ordenador (AIPO), 5(1), 68–78. ISSN 2695-6578
Fawns, T. (2022). An Postdigital Education in Design and Practice. Postdigital Science and Education, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-018-0021-8
Faza, A., y Lestari, I. A. (2025). Self-regulated learning in the digital era: A systematic review. Journal of Educational Technology, 19(2), 45–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v26i2.8119
Fossland, T., & Habti, D. (2022). University practices in an age of supercomplexity: Revisiting diversity, equality, and inclusion in higher education. Journal of Praxis in Higher Education, 4(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.47989/kpdc355
Jandrić, P. (2019). Welcome to postdigital science and education!. Postdigital Science and Education, 1(1), 1-3. Springer.
Garrad, T. A., & Nolan, H. (2023). Rethinking higher education unit design: Embedding universal design for learning in online studies. Student Success, 14. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.2300
Gambi, G. D. N., Pabón, T. F., Sira, V. G. S., Keuylian, M. L., & García, M. J. R. (2025). An Approach to Teachers Digital Competency in Latin America.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013638
Gayosso Mexia, S., Servin Gómez, A., Zúñiga Rodríguez, M., & Benitez Leal, F. (2025). AIDA TIC: Propuesta metodológica para integrar tecnologías digitales en itinerarios flexibles e inclusivos en educación superior. Edutec, Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, (93), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2025.93.4063
Gilligan, J. (2020, July). Competencies for educators in delivering digital accessibility in higher education. In International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (pp. 184–199). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49108-6_14
Harvard University. (2023). Training and Resources for Digital Accessibility. Harvard Digital Accessibility Services. https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu/digital-accessibility-policy
Kuhn, C., Khoo, S. M., Czerniewicz, L., Lilley, W., Bute, S., Crean, A., Mackenzie, A. (2023). Understanding digital inequality: A theoretical kaleidoscope. Postdigital Science and Education, 5, 894–932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-023-00395-8
Knowles, M. S. (1984). Theory of andragogy. A Critique. International Journal of Lifelong. Cambridge MA. https://shorturl.at/aag6n
Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2014). The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge.
Lomellini, A., Lowenthal, P. R., et al. (2025). Accessible and inclusive online learning in higher education: A review of the literature. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-024-09424-2
Lowenthal, P. R., et al. (2025). Investigating faculty perceptions of creating and enhancing accessible online courses with Ally. Open Praxis, 17(1), 34–45. DOI: 10.55982/openpraxis.17.1.759
Mahaffey, C., & Walden, A. C. (2019). #teachingbydesign: Complicating accessibility in the tech mediated classroom. En Emerging Technologies in Virtual Learning Environments (pp. 38–66). IGI Global. ISBN: 978-1-5225-7987-8
Mon, F. M. E., Nebot, M. Á. L., & Segura, J. A. (2022). Nueva visión de la competencia digital docente en tiempos de pandemia. Utopía y praxis latinoamericana: revista internacional de filosofía iberoamericana y teoría social, 27(96), 14 https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8281501
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Digital education outlook 2023: Towards an effective education ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b84d92c9-en
Redecker, C. (2017). DigCompEdu. Beurteilung der Digitalen Kompetenz Lehrende. Online verfügbar unter https://joint-research-centre. ec. europa. eu/system/files/2018-09/digcompedu_leaflet_de_2018-01. pdf (abgerufen am: 20.11. 2020). https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/101999/1/9783763972883.pdf#page=16
Roma, M.C. (2021). La accesibilidad en los entornos educativos virtuales: Una revisión sistemática. Revista Científica Arbitrada de la Fundación MenteClara, Vol. 6 (219). https://doi.org/10.32351/rca.v6.219
Selwyn, N. (2010). Looking beyond learning: Notes towards the critical study of educational technology. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2009.00338.x
Selwyn, N. (2021). Education and technology: Key issues and debates. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978135014559
Sharma, S., Tyagi, V., & Vaidya, A. (2023). Technology-enabled self-directed learning: Frameworks and practices. International Journal of Online Learning, 12(3), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijol.2023.12.3.101
Tarconish, E., Scott, S., Banerjee, M., & Lombardi, A. (2023). Universal Design for Instruction & Learning in Higher Education: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Headed?. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 36(3), 207-223. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1435143.pdf
Universitat de València. (2024). Formación del profesorado en inclusión y discapacidad. UVdiscapacidad. Valencia. https://www.uv.es/uvweb/universidad/es/-es-accesibilidad-/uvdiscapacidad/programas/accesibilidad-universal-1285988219329.html
UNESCO. (2019). Marco de competencias de los docentes en materia de TIC de la UNESCO. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371024
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). (2025, May 6). *Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1* (W3C Recommendation). https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-WCAG21-20250506/
Yang, M., Lowell, V., Long, Y., & Farmer, T. (2023). Designing for accessibility in online learning: A design case. Journal of Postsecondary Education & Disability, 36. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1240&context=stemps_fac_pubs
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista de Educación Inclusiva

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los autores/as que publiquen en esta revista aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
Los autores/as conservan los derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo registrado con la licencia de atribución de Creative Commons, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.

