Análisis de las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y factores de riesgo (FR) de antecedentes de autismo según edad y género reportadas por las familias al momento del diagnóstico de Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA).

Juan Rodrigo Contreras

Resumen


Introducción:Conocer los FR  y FE en  personas con TEA reportadas por  las familias, es relevante para el diagnóstico y la generación de un plan de apoyo centrado en la persona.

Objetivo:Analizar los FR y las FE  que reportan  las familias al momento de una evaluación diagnóstica de TEA.

Método:Estudio de corte transversal y cuantitativo de 305 respuestas de adultos responsables  de  personas evaluadas en la ciudad de Viña del Mar(Chile).Se correlacionaron 43 respuestas de FR y las medias de FE obtenidas en el test(BRIEF) y se analizaron las diferencias de frecuencias según género y edad.

Resultados:Relación significativa(p<0.05)en género masculino en FR de comienzo uso de palabras tardío y falta de consistencia en contacto visual. En menores de 6 años fue presencia de berrinches,autoagresiones y movimientos estereotipados y en FE de cambio y control emocional en mayores de 6 años. Los FR de lenguaje y comunicación,se asociaron a alteraciones en Inhibición(r=0.165;p<0.01),Flexibilidad mental(r=0.125;p<0.05) y planificación(r=0.130;p<0.05)controlado por género, mientras que al controlar por edad, estos FR se asociaron a alteraciones en Flexibilidad mental(r=0.175;p<0.01)y memoria de trabajo(r=0.145;p<0.05).

Conclusión:En la presencia de FR y alteraciones de FE existen diferencias de género y edad que deben ser consideradas al realizar una evaluación diagnóstica por TEA y al momento de la pesquisa en población de riesgo. La asociación entre FR y FE permite anticipar los apoyos en atención temprana en  menores de 6 años y en género femenino e instalar programas que promuevan la calidad de vida de las personas evaluadas a lo largo del ciclo vital.


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Indexación:

       Factor de impacto JCI: 0,81.  categoría Q4

  
    
  

   
  

 

 

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ISSN: 1889-4208 / e-ISSN: 1989-4643  
  
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